4.+Threats

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Monteverde Costa Rica.(Picture Above)

Monteverde Costa Rica (Picture Above)

Workshop
toc =1) Why is it important to use native species for reforestation? = - The official english dictionary states that native is " being the place or environment in which a person was born or thing came into being." Then it defines a species as follows, " the major subdivision of a genus or subgenus, regarded as the basic category of biological classification, composed of related individuals that resemble one another, are able to breed among themselves, but are not able to breed with members of another species." Reforestation is the act of reforesting, to "replant treed on land denunded by cutting or fire." It is important to use native species for[| reforestation] because, first of all native species reproduce and grow in an accelerated pace, they accelerate the process. They have a longer life time and the same or even a better effect than other non native plant species, since native plants will thrive under native environment conditions. Results in the United States of America have been evaluated, native species have enormous ecological functions, they tend to be self sustainable and they require very few amount of maintenance, while non native species require more maintenance. This is why it is very important and clever to use native species for reforestation. countries in need of reforestation like Haiti are using these technique of planting native plants to reforest their land faster and more permanently. As well as USA, who is using the technique too. media type="youtube" key="jWwQu9IwJpU" height="315" width="420"media type="youtube" key="V4K0YejvgAA" height="315" width="420" media type="youtube" key="D-5HZzTxY1U" height="315" width="420" =2) How can sustainable development be achieved? What evidence of it did you find in Monteverde? = -"Sustainability is the capacity to endure. Humans believe that sustainability is the long-term maintenance of responsibility, which has environmental, economic, and social dimensions." " in ecology, sustainability describes how biological systems remain diverse and productive over time, a necessary precondition for the well-being of humans and other organism. Sustainability or sustainable development can be achieved specially by the "precautionary principle", followed by the "intergenerational equity", which means that present generations shall maintain a good, healthy, diverse, and productive environment for future generations. In order to make these movements work, environmental factors have to become more important mostly for the government of countries or simply the country's leader. These environmental factors must become more important to provide more incentive for the conservation of biodiversity and ecological integrity.

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=Related Topic = =3) Why are insects worth conserving? = -insects are worth conserving because, insects make up about four fifths of earths animal diversity. Conservationist are giving insects basically no attention, when they compose 4/5 of our biodiversity, while they give all their attention to birds and other groups of animals with few species. We depend on[| insects]for human product production, for example honey, not only this but we depend on many of them for [|medical]and other scientific research. The facts and science are crucial information, but what about insect admiration? Butterflies and other insects are admired all over the world, they can become fascinating.and even more important than what they are now. Insects are overlooked by basically all living things, the reality is that non of these living species could survive without many of these insects, the extinction of only one of these insect species can expell and create chaos and death to many other non insect species. For example, some beneficial garden insects are the [|Green Lacewings], who gets rid of aphids in a garden. Lady Beetles, they eat aphids, scale insects, thrips, mealybugs and mites your buck, both adults and larvae feed on pests. Assasin Bugs, kill basicaly any pest or insect. Praying Matids can handle large pests and kill any harmful insect. All of the mentioned species of insects are just a few probably about 5 out of the 9 thousand known kinds of insects in the world. This gives you the impretion that they are more than just pests or an anying mosquito, all of them have an specific function on earth, and if one of these becomes extinct, it can create chaos and disaster. media type="youtube" key="1XhAt7mNkhw" height="315" width="560"media type="youtube" key="k0wIXIAjuqo" height="315" width="560"media type="custom" key="19128574" =4) Why are the mosst critical factors causing ecosystem changes? = - The most [|Critical factors] causing ecosystem changes are; [|Global Warming],global warming is a drastic change inan ecosystems climate it causes large changes in the ecosystem causing species to die because of it or adapt to their new environment. Global warming is a worldwide problem causing species to get extinct or adapt as I said. This particular problem is caused by humans because of [|pollution], deforestation, hunting and other activities that destroy these animals’ habitats. Hunting and Fishing is probably the secondlargest problem, the one that follows global warming. Hunting and fishing can both cause diversion in the species natural [|food chain]. For example if fisher boats start fishing sharks, there will be fishes that have no or few natural predators, the same goes to mammals, if lions are killed for their extravagant fur, other animals lower in the food chain will reproduce fastly and in great quantities causing basically an overpopulation of that species, a pest. An indirect but a strong critical factor is economic condition, if a less wealthy or poor country is in need of income, and is wealthy in things like oil and others that require destruction of natural habitats, they will do whatever to the natural habitats, to get some income. While developing their country, they are destroying parts of it without even noticing, because the oil or precious materials are covering their eyes from the entire killing and destroying they are doing. media type="youtube" key="SutuEX1HvFw" height="315" width="560"  -The purpose of this product is do inform and educate the r eaders about current endangered species, and an specific extinct species. It is used to easily learn basic information about endangered and extinct species. It is used by downloading the document above and opening a power point in PDF format. =5) What are the main threats to biodiversity? = - The main[| threats to biodiversity]all link together, starting with indirect drivers, for example, economics, demographic social politicalcultural andreligious and science and technology. These five things all link to these three, consumption per capita, population, and resource intensity. These three things link to demand for food and demand for energy. Demand for food and energy link to the direct drivers and the “main threats” to biodiversity. Over exploitation, habitat change, nutrient loading and population, invasive alien species and finally climate change. These five threats are basic <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 29px;">ally the main threats or the largest to our world’s biodiversity. The most known or the threats that are most heard of are deforestation, which is to divest o clear forests or trees. Water, air, and land pollution, the introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment, in air, water or land. Hunting, to chase or search for the purpose of either catching or killing. Poaching, the act of hunting for the purpose of a precious body part, for example the rhinoceros or the elephant. Climate Change, a long-term change in earth's climate, especially a change due to an increase in the average atmospheric temperature. Introduction of species, the act of introducing a certain specie into another habitat or ecosystem. Development of cities, city growth, causes deforestation and habitat destruction which continues on into the destruction of animal lives and specie extinction.

[[file:Biodiversity PDF.pdf]]
= = =<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">6) How is international trade related to endangered species of wild flora and fauna? = <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">-The introduction of non-native species into an environment can affect not only this environment but the whole world negatively. The introduction of species of flora and fauna is considered one of the greatest threats to biodiversity, this threat is ranked second to habitat destruction and forest clearing. "Of all 1,880 imperiled species in the United States, 49% are endangered because of introduced species, direcctly or indirectly. Introduced species as a threat to biodiversity is ranked before pollution, harvest, and disease combined.Besides being a great cause of endangered species of flora and fauna, it has an enourmous economic cost, in the United States only, it is estimated that the cost is of $137 billion per year." International trade of flora and fauna can cause a species to be endangered, by introducing a specie into a its non-native environment, this specie no longor has natural predators, so eventually they become a pest. The specie of either flora and fauna, takes up space, eats other plants nutrients or other animals food. Species are ment to live where they were created, this is why CITES was created, an organization to protect these animals and try to prevent as much as possible international trade. media type="youtube" key="ILr1BqrNdbU" height="315" width="420" media type="googlemap" key="http://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&ll=9.552,-84.06189&spn=3.276827,4.938354&t=m&z=8&output=embed" width="425" height="350"
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 150%; line-height: 19px;">BIBLIOGRAPHY: **

"Native Plants for Conservation, Restoration, and Landscaping." //Native Plants for Conservation, Restoration, and Landscaping//. Department of Conservation and Recreation Natural Heritage Program, 3 Feb. 2012. Web. 07 June 2012. <http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural_heritage/nativeplants.shtml>.

Shah, Anup. "Biodiversity." //- Global Issues//. N.p., 20 July 1998. Web. 07 June 2012. <http://www.globalissues.org/issue/169/biodiversity>.

Warren, Zora. "The Importance of Insects." //The Importance of Insects//. N.p., 11 Mar. 2002. Web. 07 June 2012. <http://www.riverdeep.net/current/2002/03/030402t_insects.jhtml>.

"Threats to Biodiversity." //- Natural Resource Management Division//. Ministry of Natural Resources, 5 June 2009. Web. 07 June 2012. <http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/en/Business/Biodiversity/2ColumnSubPage/STEL02_166814.html>.